Istanbul, once nicknamed the City of the World’s Desire, more than lives up to its moniker as Turkey's largest city with over 15 million of the world’s most hospitable inhabitants. The city’s strategic location along the Bosphorus Strait, the waterway separating Europe and Asia Minor, was long battled over since the Dark Ages and it served as an imperial capital for nearly 1600 hundred years.
From the Roman to the Byzantium to the Ottoman Empires, many have conquered this ancient city whose foundation goes back to the 600 BCE but that’s not the only factor that makes this sprawling metropolis so highly coveted. Istanbul has a lot to offer travelers, so much so that you might be hard-pressed to fit everything into your itinerary.
Popular landmarks like the Hagia Sophia and Taksim Square attract hundreds of visitors a year and with good reason. Istanbul is chock full of free or cheap activities throughout the city such as cultural museums and top-notch restaurants serving up the best Turkish dishes. Just make sure to exchange your cash for the local currency, the Turkish Lira (TL) as some places only accept cold hard cash.
Even during COVID times, there’s still plenty to see and do and the exchange rate is currently excellent (10 TL to ~$1 to ~1€) so there’s no time like the present to visit! You’ll be amazed by the beauty of the historical monuments and smitten by the friendliest of the locals. If you want to know the top 30 things to do in Istanbul at least once, here’s your checklist for an unforgettable experience!
1. Stay in either Sultanahmet, Taksim or Kadikoy
For first-time travelers and for returning visitors, Istanbul is bursting with places to see and things to do no matter the time of the year. To make the most of your time in the former Ottoman capital, it’s best to stay close to the action. Central areas such as Sultanahmet in Eminönü (full of the top tourist attractions) to the south, Taksim in Beyoǧlu (a shopper’s haven packed with rooftop terraces) to the north, and Kadiköy (the heart of Istanbul’s Asian coast loaded with the best bars and restaurants) to the east are your best bets to get a real feel of the city.
The most prominent landmarks like the Hagia Sophia (more on that in the next tip) and the Blue Mosque are located in Sultanahmet while the famed Galata Tower (best view in the city) is in Taksim. For frequent travelers of Istanbul, Kadikoy is the place to be for a real taste of Istanbul since it’s more likely to be packed with locals than tourists.
PRO TIP: Due to COVID restrictions, most places close at 7 PM (19h) to comply with a curfew for locals at 9 PM (21h). Only Sultanahmet still has venues open past that time to cater to tourists so night owls should only stay here. Mosques are 24-hour venues and can be visited at any time of day except during prayer times.
2. Visit the Hagia Sophia at night
Touring the splendor of the Hagia Sophia has to be the top item on your Istanbul bucket list as the mosque is emblematic of the city. Located in the tourist hub of Sultanahmet, Hagia Sophia was built in 537 and was once the seat of the Ottoman Empire under Constantine. During its long history of over 1500 years, the Hagia Sophia has served many functions from religious to administrative purposes.
In fact, it was recently converted from a museum to a mosque, making it entirely free to visit during non-prayer times. Be aware, prayer times depend on the sunrise, which changes every day so check the times accordingly. Since it’s 24-hours (like many mosques), I’d highly recommend visiting at night when the massive crowds die down to have the place all to yourself.
PRO TIP: Visitors must not wear shoes inside so bring a plastic bag to keep them with you to avoid them possibly being stolen from the public storage cubbies, which sometimes happens. Women must wear headscarves inside and all visitors must wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
3. Go on a free walking tour of Sultanahmet, Taksim, or Kadikoy
There are so many tour agencies operating out of Istanbul that you’ll find no shortage of offers for tour guides. Several free options only expect a tip at the end of the nearly 2-3-hour walking tour, which is great for helping new travelers get the lay of the city with a certified guide. Better yet, the guides are usually locals so you’d be directly helping to support the Turkish economy which has been struggling due to the lack of tourism recently.
For history buffs, a walking tour is a must-do if you want to learn the secrets and legends of Istanbul, from the epic love story of Suleiman the Great and Roxelana or how the Sultan Fatih (from whom the district where Sultanahmet is located is named after) conquered Istanbul from the Christians.
PRO TIP: Wear comfortable walking shoes and sunscreen, even on cloudy days. Try to carry a bottle of water but perhaps don’t drink too much as walking tours tend to only have one bathroom break midway. Most walking tours take off from the Hagia Sophia's fountain in Sultanahmet, from Taksim Square, or the Kadikoy ferry terminal.
4. Visit the Grand Bazaar
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One of the biggest and oldest street markets in the world, the novelty of shopping in the Grand Bazaar is somewhat offset by the hefty price tags on all the goods its vendors offer. It’s worth visiting to wander around the winding street and marvel at the dazzling displays of lights, jewelry, and designer handbags but don’t be tempted! (I have the perfect place to shop coming up on Tip #9.)
Prices are usually at least twice their actual value market so only shop in the Grand Bazaar if you don’t mind getting a bit ripped off, as friendly as the vendors might be. Some lamps start at 2000 TL (~200€) and the smallest carpets at 3000 TL (~300€) so you’ve been warned!
PRO TIP: If you want to take a picture in a market stall (I wouldn’t blame you), please ask the owner first! I bartered and bribed my way into these shops but a few shopkeepers were a bit irate since I wasn’t there to buy. Treading with humility and respect is therefore appreciated.
5. Wander the vast halls of Topkapi Palace
This epic estate was originally built between 1460 to 1478 by the Muslim Sultan Mehmed II, six years after he’d conquered Constantinople. The palace has been expanded and renovated several times throughout its long history, serving as the home of the Ottoman sultans and their court for nearly 500 years until the mid-19th century.
Formerly known as the New Palace back in its heyday, Topkapi Palace is just as much a fixture in Istanbul as the Hagia Sophia and Blue Mosque since it also once acted as the administrative headquarters of the empire. Situated to the east in Sultanahmet, its current name roughly translates to “Cannon Gate,” given in the 19th century. The palace has survived many natural disasters such as an earthquake in 1509 and a fire in 1665 but was always restored to its former glory.
Within its hallowed walls, Topkapi Palace boasts 4 main courtyards plus copious smaller buildings, a former harem with 6 floors and 300-plus rooms, the Imperial Treasury as well as some immensely impressive kitchens (at one point, there were hundreds of cooks to serve nearly a thousand guests!).
Although the palace lost its popularity with the royals after the 17th century as they began to favor the newer palaces along the Bosphorus, it remained culturally significant, functioning as a library and mint. When the Ottoman Empire ended in 1923, the site was turned into a museum, allowing some of its hundreds of chambers to be opened to the public. These include a large collection of Ottoman clothing, weapons and armor, and religious relics and manuscripts along with one floor of the Imperial Harem plus the treasury, the latter of which houses the Spoonmaker’s Diamond and the Topkapi Dagger. You can find entrance information of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, inaugurated in 1985, down below:
Summer opening hours (Open: April 1 to October 1): 9 AM - 6 PM (9h-18h)
Winter opening hours (Open: October 1 to April 1): 9 AM - 5 PM (9h-17h)
Admission fee: 100 TL
Closed: Every Tuesday
For history and architecture fanatics, make sure to check out the huge kitchens and harem, but be warned, pictures aren’t allowed anywhere inside the premises so prepare only to feast with your eyes.
PRO TIP: If you don’t have a couple hours to tour the palace (and yes, you’ll need a couple hours), at least traipse around its gardens, which are entirely free to visit.
6. Try an authentic Turkish kebab
If there’s one dish that Turkish cuisine is famous for, it’s the kebab, a meat-filled dough wrap that is best devoured hot. Practically a national dish, you can find it being offered in nearly any traditional establishment but some are going to be better (but not necessarily pricier) than others.
I’d say wait to get a kebab along Hoca Pasa Alley as the narrow alley is packed with diners frequented by locals and, thus, offer quality food at rock-bottom prices. You won’t regret stumbling into any of these restaurants but don’t be surprised if you spot a squatty potty in the restroom.
PRO TIP: A reasonable price for a traditional kebab is about 10-20 TL (1-2€) so skedaddle if any place is advertising it for me on their menu.
7. Learn some Turkish
While many of the locals working in tourism are graciously fluent in a range of European languages like English, Spanish, French, and German. Nevertheless, don’t expect everyone else to be. While many city dwellers do speak English, I seriously recommend learning even just a few phrases in the local language as it can help out in a pinch (like when I was looking for a bus stop and had to ask a local for directions).
Plus, locals tend to love it when foreigners speak their language, often making for better prices when haggling in a market. Here are some easy phrases to start:
Hello - Merhaba - /Mer-ha-ba/
Yes - Evet - /Eh-vet/
No - Hayir - /Hi-yur/
How much...? - … Nekadar? - /Neh-ka-dar/ (object goes in front)
Please - Lütfen - /Loot-fehn/
What? - Ne? - /Nay/
When…? - … Ne zaman? - /Neh-za-man/ (object goes in front)
Where is…? - … Nerede? - /Neh-reh-day/ (object goes in front)
Toilet - Tuvalet - /Too-va-let/
Bus - Otobus - /O-toh bus/
Taxi - Taksi - /Tak-see/
Airport - Havalimani - /Hava-lee-man-ee/
Thank you - Teşekkür ederim - /Te-shekur-e-de-rim/
Once you’ve brushed up on enough Turkish, you’ll be ready to shop until you drop at your next destination.
PRO TIP #1: Objects generally go in front of the verb expressions (i.e. “Where is the bus?” Translates to “Oto-bus nerede?”. Moreover, “ş” is pronounced like “sshh” while “ç” is pronounced like “ch”, “ö” like “oo” and “ü” like “yu”. The best way to remember how to say “thank you” (a mouthful in Turkish) is to remember “tea, sugar and a dream” for all the syllables.
PRO TIP #2: For linguaphiles such as myself you like to go a bit above and beyond, some other useful expressions to know are:
How are you? - Nasilsin? - /Nah-sil-sen/
I’m fine - Iyiyim -/Ee-yee-yim/
My name is… - Benim adim… - /Ben-im ah-dim/
What’s your name? - Senin adin ne? - /Sen-in ah-dim nay/
Where are you from? - Nerelisin? - /Neh-reh-li-sin/
See you again (for goodbyes) - Görüşürüz - /Goo-roo-shoo-rooz/
Can I have..? - ...alabilr miyim? - /A-la-bil-ir mee-yim/ (object goes in front)
Menu - menu - /men-yu/
Chicken - Tavuk - /Ta-vook/
Beef - Et - /Et/
Fish - Balik - /Ba-lick/
Lamb - Kuzu eti - /Koo-zoo et-ee/
The bill - Hesap - /Hey-sap/
Very delicious - Çok lezzetli - /Chok lezz-et-lee/
Very beautiful - Çok güzel - /Chok goo-zel/
8. Wander around the Eygptian Bazaar, aka the Spice Market
Now what the Grand Bazaar lacks in decoration outside of its stalls, the Egyptian Bazaar (locally referred to as Mısır Çarşısı) makes up in opulence. Its high, vaulted ceilings scream luxury, and the prices, similar to those in the Grand Bazaar, reflect that.
Again, don’t try to shop for goods unless you don’t mind spending a pretty penny. (Don’t worry, I’ve got the perfect places to get your souvenirs at Tip #9!) In my case, I hadn’t traveled internationally in over a year so I went all out anyway and they treated us like celebrities for it. Expect vendors to offer you everything from Turkish tea to Turkish delight to get you to patronize their shops which offer everything from spices to handmade soaps to custom jewelry.
PRO TIP: The market is open from 8 AM to 6 PM during the weekdays so arrive earlier to get some good shots of the place without the massive midday crowds.
9. Go souvenir-shopping at a local street market
Albeit, when I say local, I mean not (gorgeous) tourist traps like the Grand and Egyptian Bazaars. If you want to be thrifty, it’s best to shop like a local and there’s no better area in the city center than the area around Hasircilar Alley. These narrow streets are where local merchants and travelers shop for goods and with good reason. The prices in this area are nearly half of those found in the more popular markets.
For example, as a souvenir, I bought my sister a pair of silver earrings for 200 TL (~20€) at the Egyptian Bazaar after haggling for over 10 minutes only to find similar pairs for 80-90 TL elsewhere. My vendors were all lovely and treated me like royalty but it still doesn’t stop the sting of realizing how grossly I’d overpaid (still, my sister adores her souvenirs so I guess it was worth it). These stalls might not be as glamorous as those bazaars but save some precious cash by bargain-hunting like a local to get much more bang for your buck.
PRO TIP: Due to COVID restrictions, all markets close at 7 PM (19h) so hit them up early as most open between 8-9 AM. Also, make sure to carry smaller bills (between 10-100 lira notes) so the vendors can give you change more easily.
10. Try the street food
There’s no denying that Turkish food is as rich as its history from the savory kebabs to the sweetest Turkish delights. The Mediterranean fare has something for everyone, even some vegetarian options but Istanbul’s claim to fame is easily the never-ending array of street vendors selling popping-hot food around the clock for practically peanuts.
While Istanbul is loaded with fine dining options, constantly eating out can burn a hole in one’s pocket so street food is a perfect option for those on a budget. Some street foods readily go for as little as 5 TL (5 cents) so what more could you ask for? Here are a few notable specialties to look out for:
Simit: a Turkish-style sesame seed bagel perfect for breakfast
Dürüm: the local name for kebabs; can come filled with beef, chicken, cheese or veggies
Balik-Ekmek: a scrumptious fish sandwich, best eaten on your feet
Lahmacun: a Turkish-style pizza covered in meat, onions, red pepper, and parsley
Midye dolma: mussels on a half-shell mixed with spicy rice and lemon juice
Börek: a savory pastry sometimes filled with meat
PRO TIP: The vendors on and around the Galata Bridge offer some of the freshest street food since they’re used to catering to droves of hungry pedestrians daily. Just make sure to bring cash in smaller bills as most don’t accept debit or credit cards (though you might get lucky).
11. Hit up a cafe or bar to drink like a Turk
Turkish cuisine boasts several traditional drinks for travelers to try, each one made for a different occasion. Some are served piping hot to ward off the chill of winter months while others are best ice-cold to beat the heat in the summer months. Whether you prefer your drinks sweet or sour, there’s a plethora of choices to properly wet your beak. A few notable beverages to consider are:
Turkish coffee: Turks are known for loving their coffee, made by boiling ground beans that can then be read by a fortune after you finish your cup of joe. Expect to be offered the concoction practically everywhere you go so why not try some?
Turkish tea: For non-coffee lovers, Turkish tea is a fantastic alternative as it comes in a wide variety of flavors from apple to rose. The drink’s history dates back over 5000 years so make sure to have a cup when it is (undoubtedly) offered to you?
Raki: This colorless alcoholic drink is one of Turkey’s most popular after-dinner cocktails, known for its licorice-like flavor. The strong liquor is often mixed with ice to take out some of its bite so don’t be surprised if you see many people drinking this with a glass of water after nightfall.
Ayran (buttermilk): This milky beverage is created by mixing yogurt and water. For lovers of dairy-based drinks, this healthy refreshment is best-drunk cold for maximum enjoyment.
Şalgam Suyu (pickled turnip juice): This tangy turnip-based juice is popular across many regions of southern Turkey and is made by pickling beets and black carrots in salt and water. The juice is best paired with meaty dishes to enhance its flavor.
Boza: This nog-like drink is created by fermenting wheat and yeast to create a sweet yet tangy beverage that is perfect for the winter months. The brew apparently has beneficial properties since it's high in potassium so try a sip when you can.
PRO TIP: Istanbul is also well-known for the juice stands littered all over the city, which offer freshly-squeezed fruit in a cup of ice starting for as little as 10 TL, the ideal summer drink.
12. Use public transportation like a local
When staying in Istanbul, it pays (or pays less) to move around like a local. Using the public transportation system to go between the most popular neighborhoods is also super easy and ultra-reliable thanks to multiple metro and tram lines and various bus routes. Tickets start at about 5 TL (0.50€) per ride while taxis have a minimum fare charge of 15 TL so take advantage of the public transportation to get around in no time without racking up more expenses.
Furthermore, while most accommodations will offer you a private airport shuttle for 30-40€, there’s a direct shuttle bus that goes between both of Istanbul’s airports to either Taksim or Kadikoy for only 18-30 TL (2-3€). Unfortunately, there are no direct lines to Sultanahmet but you can easily transfer from the other stops since the journey takes about the same amount of time regardless.
Instead, keep your hard-earned cash and take the bus like a local. Under current restrictions, the times for public transportation vary:
Metro lines: 6 AM - 10 PM (6h-22h)
Tramlines: 6 AM - 10 PM (6h-22h)
Bus routes: 6 AM - 11 PM (6h-23h)
Ferry routes: 6 AM - 9 PM (6h-21h)
PRO TIP #1: Due to COVID restrictions, you must purchase an Istanbulkart (transportation pass available at any blue or yellow street kiosk, cash only) and then activate it either at your accommodation's reception or the nearest tourism office before loading it up with credits.
Metro, tram, city bus, ferry fare: 5 TL (base fare)
Metro, tram, city bus, ferry fare: 2.65 TL (with Istanbulkart)
PRO TIP #2: If staying in Sultanahmet and coming from the airport, you can take the ferry across from Kadikoy (the ferry terminal is right behind the bus stop) to the next neighborhood. Alternatively, you can transfer at Taksim which has a terminal that connects to Sultanahmet via both bus and tram lines.
13. Visit the Süleymaniye Mosque
Construction on this majestic Ottoman mosque began in 1550 and the site was inaugurated in 1558. Perched atop the Third Hill of Istanbul, the grand mosque was commissioned by Süleyman the Magnificent and designed by imperial architect Mimar Sinan.
Süleymaniye Mosque was actually the fourth imperial mosque ever built in Istanbul (now there are more than 3000 mosques) since Süleyman was the fourth Osmanli sultan to rule in the city and the tenth to rule since the foundation of the Ottoman Empire. It’s for these reasons that the mosque features four minarets (spear-like towers used for calls to prayer) and ten sweeping balconies.
Since its erection nearly five hundred years ago, Süleymaniye Mosque has survived quite a few disasters. The worst event was undoubtedly the Great Fire of 1660 that burned two-thirds of Constantinople to the ground yet the edifice was then restored by Sultan Mehmed IV only to have the dome collapse during an earthquake in 1766.
Still, in the end, the historic landmark has stood the test of time so make sure to marvel at its breathtaking interior decor. The vaulted ceilings and lavish courtyards will have you pondering how anyone could have possibly constructed such an architectural phenomenon so long ago.
The mosque is home to Süleymaniye Library and the tomb of the architect can be found just outside the walled garden. You can also visit the Süleymaniye Hamami (bathhouse) to the east and, to the southeast of the main entrance, the cemetery which houses the remains of Süleymaniye and his wife.
PRO TIP: Like all mosques, Süleymaniye is only open to visitors outside of prayer times. Also, while in the area, look out for a stretch of fasulye (bean) restaurants that used to be opium teahouses to try some authentic Turkish cuisine.
14. Visit Galata Tower for sunset
This 9-story tower is perched in the heart of Taksim and stands nearly 63 m (205 ft) without its top, placing it at 61 m (200 ft) above sea level. Built in 1348 by the Genoese back when Istanbul was still known as Constantinople, Galata Tower was the tallest structure in the city at the time and still offers the best panoramic view in the city. Warning to those with limited mobility, the last two floors of the tower are only accessible via the stairs as when you arrive, you’ll have to take the lift up to the 7th floor and then climb up the rest of the way. The journey is also one-way, meaning that you’ll have to eventually make your way down manually.
One great perk is there’s no time limit on how long you can visit the tower so once you make it up to the observation deck, take your time enjoying the view from almost 52 m (170 ft) above downtown Istanbul. Time your arrival for just before sunset so you can watch the city lights blink on all across the greater Istanbul metropolitan area, which is certainly worth the trip up. The current ticket price for 2021 is stated below:
Price: 45 TL (without audio guide)
Opening hours: 8 AM - 8 PM (8h-20h)
PRO TIP: Galata Tower is also known as Christa Turis (Tower of Christ) and tickets can be conveniently bought right in front, at the box office. Lines can get a bit long around midday as the lunch crowds converge as well as around an hour before closing so the observation deck is often packed. Make sure to go early to beat the horde and to go with a friend to get some great pictures of the 360-view.
15. Shop ‘til you drop at Demiroren
This 5-story behemoth is Taksim's main shopping center and a shopaholic’s dream, featuring top shops like Sephora and Decathlon as well as several food establishments. Whether you need new walking shoes or just want to buy some souvenirs, this shopping center will be your one-stop-shop for everything you could possibly ever ask for.
The mall is located on Istiklal Street, right in the heart of Taksim, providing eager visitors a scenic place to window-shop for the best travel mementos. Demiroren is open from 10 AM to 10 PM every day, with plenty of time to catch a movie at its cinema or grab a bite at any of its restaurants.
PRO TIP: Avoid shopping at Demiroren during public holidays as the place is either bound to be packed or entirely closed so save yourself a worthless trip.
Due to COVID protocols, all commercial centers are closed during the weekends under current restrictions.
16. Walk along Galata Bridge
If Galata Tower was your last stop, then you might as well mosey down to Galata Bridge, a top attraction for lovers of street food, seafood, architecture, history, and marine landscapes. Spanning across Istanbul’s Golden Horn, Galata Bridge has historically been the symbolic link between the religious and imperial power of Eminimou and Karakoy, where most inhabitants were non-Muslim, foreign merchants or diplomats.
Bridges in the area have had several iterations such as the one erected in the 6th century during Justinian the Great’s reign or the second assembled in 1453 by the Turks during the Fall of Constantinople to move their troops. The first official Galata Bridge was commissioned in 1845 and used for 18 years before being replaced in 1863 to impress Napoleon III. A third was built in 1875 for 105,00 gold TL and used until 1912 when a fourth floating version was constructed for 350.000 gold TL. This last incarnation was heavily damaged from a fire in 1992 and finally replaced by the current bridge.
Erecting in 1994, the modern-day Galata Bridge is 490 m (1610 ft) long and spans 80 m (260 ft) at its widest with 3 vehicular lanes and a walking path on each side. You can take the tram across but I highly recommend making the journey on foot for the incredible view across both sides of Istanbul’s Bosphorus river. Grab some street food sold by any of the copious vendors lining the upper boardwalk (some snacks going for as little as 30 cents).
PRO TIP: The lower deck of the bridge offers some great photoshoot spots along the water without crowds in the background. This level is also chock full of restaurants offering the best Turkish and seafood cuisine in the areas they often collaborate with local fishermen. Foodies should definitely stop here but the prices might reflect the privilege of most seaside dining establishments but the view is certainly worth the splurge!
17. Take a Bosphorus ferry tour
Istanbul is split into three parts by the Strait of Istanbul, including the Golden Horn which separates Taksim and Sultanahmet. The main section separates the other two places from the Asian side to the east via the Bosphorus, a 30-km (19-mile) long stretch of water that measures 3.7 km (2.3 mi) across at its widest.
Several operators provide daily boat tours from either Emiminou, Karakoy, and Kadikoy terminals which come in an assortment of durations and price ranges. You can book a boat tour that heads up the Bosphorus to learn the history of each area that you pass by or book a hop-on-hop-off tour that crosses over to Asia Minor
PRO TIP: Instead of booking a hop-on-hop-off tour, which can be limited in the stops that it makes and can last nearly an entire day, opt to use the public ferry. Not only is it cheaper per ride (25 TL [2.5€]), but you get to have more control over your ultimate destinations without having to waste time on the ones you’d rather not see. It might take a little planning in advance and navigating the seas but, conveniently, you can use your Istanbulkart to get around between most ferry terminals, yay!
18. Relax in a Turkish bathhouse
While Istanbul typically experiences sunny weather throughout late spring to early autumn, it can be quite wet the rest of the year, causing dips in the temperature. What better time then to visit a Turkish bath than on a rainy day that’s just a bit north of chilly? The tradition of frequenting Turkish baths, also known as hammams, stretches back hundreds of years past the reign of the Islamic sultans to also the Roman and Byzantine empires. These public or private bathhouses were seen not only as a place to wash up but also chat up friends or other associates in each culture, leading to a blend when the Turks brought their “Manchu” bathhouses from Central Asia.
Turkish-style bathhouses continued to flourish across Anatolia although Turkish baths do vary from the Roman versions in a number of ways. Instead of a single steam room, Turkish baths consist of a cool room, tepidity room, and a hot room and you can expect to be separated by gender at the door.
There are Turkish bathhouses throughout the city center, but not all are created equally and their prices tend to reflect that. The best Turkish baths are luxury spas like Cagaloglu Hammam or Mihrimah Sultan Hammam but there are also lots of mid-range options like Cemberlitas Hammam. Pay for general admission to the baths or upgraded to a spa package complete with a body scrub and full-body massage. Don’t you deserve a bit of TLC when on holiday?
PRO TIP: Since most baths are public spaces, try to arrive early to avoid any possible midday crowds. Some bathhouses require a reservation in advance but ones such as Cemberlitas don’t while Suleymaniye Hammam is one of the only bathhouses in Istanbul where both men and women are allowed to patronize together.
19. Watch a Dervish dance performance
Also known as Sufi Whirling or sema, the Dervish dance is a Turkish tradition dating back to the 13th century and was founded by Jalaluddin Rumi, a famous Sufi Muslim mystic and poet. Persian-born yet an inhabitant of Konya, the capital of the once Turkish Seljuk Empire (more on that later at Tip #30), Rumi believed that many roads led to God and that his path was through dance and music so he would fast, meditate and dance his way to enlightenment. In his avid meditation, he created the sema which was eventually spread throughout the Ottoman Empire by many sects besides his own but the most renowned was of the Mevlevi Order. By the 15th century, this sect established the most influential rules for the dance to preserve its vast range of traditions.
Typically, the male dancers wear long, white robes which represent the veils of their egos while the colored, conical hats on their heads called sikke represent the tombstones of their egos. The color of the hat depends on the dancer's sect, varying from gray to brown to black, and, on top of their robes, the dancers wear long, dark-hued cloaks to symbolize their worldly life. The cloak is to be cast-off during their performance, signifying the dancer -left only in his all-white robe- has become purified and is ready to begin whirling.
The meditative dance is a marvel to behold as the long-robed male dancers twirl, spinning their garments in wide, conical swaths that make them appear as though they’re about to take flight at any moment. The human spinning tops first fast for hours on end and then begin to dance, using their left foot to propel their bodies around an imaginary axis centered on their right foot. The purpose of the dance was to help unblock chakras by allowing energy to flow freely through the body and, thus, become closer to God, the earth, and the forces that connect everything in the world.
Dervish dancing was banned by Turkey’s anti-secular first president in 1925, irreparably damaging the sacred practice. Thankfully, there was a resurgence in its popularity as a cultural asset in the 1950s, and government regulations finally eased in the 1990s, so you can find copious Dervish dance theatres throughout the city center. Don’t miss out on this cultural jewel as it’s sure to be a highlight of your trip.
PRO TIP: Although there are plenty of tourist offices advertising Dervish dances, the best place to see one is undoubtedly the Hodjapasha Dance Theatre. This popular venue was once a 15th-century Turkish bath close to Sirkeci Train Station and they typically have three ceremonies a week but tickets go fast so book in advance.
20. Visit the Blue Mosque
Known by locals as the Sultan Ahmet Mosque, the Blue Mosque was constructed in the early 17th century and has stood the test of time since then, attracting thousands of worshippers and visitors every year. Although not blue on the outside, the mosque derives its name from the blue tiles lining its interior walls and ceilings, and, at night, blue lights illuminate the mosque’s five principal domes and eight secondary domes.
The Blue Mosque was erected at the behest of Sultan Ahmet as a move to consolidate Ottoman power as it was the first such mosque built in over forty years. As he used public funds to do so, the construction project actually angered many locals at the time but now the mosque is considered to be one of the most important religious institutions in both Turkey and the Islamic world. Admission is entirely free so make sure to check out this architectural phenom, just across the plaza from the Hagia Sophia.
PRO TIP: Like most mosques, the Blue Mosque is closed to visitors during prayer times which change daily according to the sunrise. Plan ahead to get the right after the first service to avoid crowds or visit the mosque right after making a trip to the Hagia Sophia in a 2-for-1 stop.
Update, the Blue Mosque is currently under heavy internal renovations meaning there's not much to see inside for visitors aside from one painted tile. Perhaps skip going inside if pressed for time.
21. Take a ferry across to Kadikoy on the Asian side
Istanbul is divided by two rivers into three sections; Taksim to the north, Sultanahmet to the south, and Kadikoy to the east. While Taksim and Sultanahmet are easily commutable via metro, tram, or bus lines, the best way to get from either place to the latter is via ferry to Kadikoy’s Ferry Terminal. The ferry ride takes 15-25 minutes depending on your departure point but offers some stunning views of Istanbul from the water. On the ferry, you’ll pass by prominent landmarks like the Hagia Sophia and the Maiden’s Tower.
You can buy tickets directly from an agent at the ticket booth or load up your Istanbulkart to gain access to the public ferry that runs pretty frequently. It costs practically peanuts to use the public ferries, which are spacious with clean toilet facilities, but you can alternatively book a boat tour through a private operator (at an exorbitant fee). Either way, it’s bound to be an unforgettable experience.
PRO TIP: Due to COVID restrictions and the curfew in force, ferries only run until about 9 PM (21h) so make sure to catch the last one back across to Sultanahmet or Taksim before it gets too late. While there is an underwater tunnel, Avrasya Tuneli, that connects Kadikoy to Sultanahmet, public transportation between Kadikoy and Taksim is limited, especially at night so plan how to return to your accommodation in advance.
22. Go on a food tour or pub crawl in Kadikoy
Although Sultanahmet might be considered the touristic center of Istanbul and Taksim the commercial center, Kadikoy is undoubtedly the heart of its gastronomic scene. Practically bursting with food markets and streets lined with lively restaurants, Kadikoy is a food lover’s paradise. Not only does the location offer some of the tastiest Turkish cuisine but also great international fare from nearly every corner of the globe.
While you can easily stroll around sampling different foods on your own, I would also recommend any of the copious food tours being operated by local tourist offices. Istanbul on Food comes highly-reviewed, for example, but you could also opt to take any of the various cooking classes advertised around town. Kadikoy is also chock full of pubs and bars for those who prefer a liquid diet and late-night entertainment therefore night owls can’t go wrong hanging out in this venue-packed area. Take the ferry over and expect to get more than a mouthful; just make sure your eyes aren’t bigger than your stomach.
PRO TIP: AirBnB offers a bunch of cooking classes when you look up local experiences in Istanbul, all within reasonable price ranges. Book yourself a private class to learn to make Baklava or reserve your group a personal chef who can even come to your accommodation as long as it has a full kitchen. How’s that for home-cooked food?
23. Ride the original Istanbul trams
Given Istanbul’s long history as the former capital of the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires back when it was once known as Constantinople, the city has a lot of heritage sites. Among these are the Istanbul nostalgic tramways, two separate tramline systems, one located on the European side in Taksim and the other on the Asian side in Kadiköy.
The tramlines began as horse trams which were eventually converted into electric trams, forming large networks of lines on both the Asian and European sides. Several of the routes were constructed step-by-step and, by 1956, they had grown to their greatest extent, spanning 270 cars on 56 lines and carrying over 100 million passengers yearly.
Nevertheless, the tramlines began to lose popularity the same year and completely stopped in 1966. Some tramlines did spring back up in 1990, such as the Taksim-Tünel Nostalgia Tramway also known as the T2 line. A modernized tram system was also added with three lines, the T1 line in 1992, the T4 line in 2007, and the T5 line in 2021, all located on the European side. The Asian side of Istanbul also boasts a heritage tramline system (T3 line) which was inaugurated in 2003.
Catch a tram in either Taksim or Kadiköy to feel like you're back in the transport system’s heyday, even though the journey might take just as long as if you had walked (still worth it, though!). The trams operate from about 9 AM to 6 PM most days and run about every 20 minutes so hop when you can!
PRO TIP: Tram fare is usually 5 TL per ride but if you use your Istanbulkart, the price is only 2,65 TL!
24. Walk around Balat
Explore this down-to-earth neighborhood full of colorful buildings and cobbled streets just 20 minutes away from Taksim via public transportation and half that by taxi. In Balat, you’ll find the most fascinating synagogues, the hippest cafes, and state-of-the-art galleries nestled among old-school shops and restaurants that call back to the area’s Jewish, Greek and Armenian historical influences. Several streets are also lined with vibrant homes and stores, making for great photo-ops for photographers.
Make sure to visit majestic buildings such as the massive Greek Orthodox College and the Bulgarian St. Stephen’s Church and the Greek Ecumenical Patriarchate Basilica. There are also a few choice museums in the area like Dimitrie Cantemir Müzesi Museum or the Chora Museum, which features gold-laden mosaics and vivid frescoes.
The heart of the neighborhood is centered at the intersection of Yildirim and Camci Çeşmesi where you’ll find the most popular coffee shops backed by dazzling street decor. The bus stop heading back toward downtown Sultanahmet is just around the corner, making for an easy journey back to your accommodation. If you’re tempted to snap a few pics while in Balat, I certainly wouldn’t blame you!
PRO TIP: While the most iconic cafe in the area is Cafe Naftalin K, I would highly recommend patronizing Pier Cafe Balat just across the street. All the items on their menu are reasonably priced, they open earlier than other cafes in the area (helpful on a super rainy day with nowhere else to go like I was), and have a gorgeous upstairs salon that is just begging to be lounged in. PS: The owner is also super nice!
25. Book a flight or tour to Cappadocia
You’ve probably seen the captivating Cappadocia on many a postcard and there are many reasons why. Cappadocia is one of Turkish’s crown jewels, a mesmerizing landscape of “fairy chimneys”, statuesque, conical rock formations which have cropped up all over Monks Valley and other areas. This arid region (read, not town) in central Turkey about 3 hours from the capital has several scenic towns to stay in such as Göreme, Ürgüp, Uçhisar, Selime, Avanos, Guzelyurt and Zelve, and each come with their unique charm.
The area is also home to Bronze Age cave dwellings created by troglodytes (ancient cavemen) who carved into them the valley walls. The carved homes also later helped house early Christian refugees fleeing persecution and are outstanding to visit. Ihlara Canyon, a 100 meter-deep valley, boasts many rock-face churches and Göreme has a sunset viewpoint that is to die for.
Plan to spend at least three days in the area staying in a cave hotel, hiking around the otherworldly terrain, or taking one of Cappadocia’s famous hot air balloon rides. The balloons usually take off just before sunrise so if you want to partake, make sure to reserve a tour that picks you up from your accommodation well before then. If you’re not keen to fly up, up, and up away on a balloon, make sure to arrive early to get a good spot on any of the rooftop terraces in the area before the other swarms of tourists do. Either way, you’re bound to be amazed!
PRO TIP: There are no direct flights to Cappadocia's more popular destinations so you’ll have to fly into either of the two airports in the area, Erkilet International Airport (ASR) in Kayser or Nevşehir Kapadokya Airport (NAV) in Nevşehir. There are several departures from Istanbul via both Turkish and Pegasus Airlines and you can generally grab tickets for a steal a couple days before you plan to go. Just make sure to arrange transportation from the airport to your accommodation and you’ll be all set!
26. Hit up Mezze 360 or the 7 Hills Hotel for a meal with a view
While the best rooftop terraces are arguably perched all around Taksim, there are a couple contenders in Sultanahmet that could give them a run for their money. Mezze 360 and the 7 Hills Hotel are both excellent choices for dining if staying in the area regardless of the time of day.
Mezze 360 has several glass-encased rooms as well as some open-air sections on its terrace that allow for panoramic views of the city. Their rooftop makes for the perfect place to watch the sunset or the city lights blink on year-round. The restaurant is a bit pricey for Istanbul standards but you will get what you pay from the high-end service to the generous portions to the delectable dishes. Your taste buds are sure to be just as enchanted as your eyes.
The 7 Hills Hotel is also definitely worth venturing to as the hotel actually has two floors with panoramic views, both with distinct perks. The open-air rooftop is ideal for summer brunches, and the floor directly below with wraparound floor-to-ceiling windows is a warmer compromise during winter months. The 7 Hills Hotel is also considered a little expensive but certainly worth the excellent hospitality of the servers and the breathtaking views.
Go to one or visit both but just make sure to take some epic pictures from either restaurant’s rooftop for a truly unforgettable meal.
PRO TIP: While Mezze 360’s terrace is only open to guests of its hotel or patrons of the restaurant, the 7 Hills Hotel’s top floor is open to anyone without having to purchase anything. However, I highly recommend at least splurging on their American-style brunch for those craving a taste of home.
27. Book a flight or tour to Pamukkale
This UNESCO World Heritage SIte was inaugurated in 1988 and it’s easy to see why from its vast pools of ice-blue water set upon cascading white terraced cliffs. Pamukkale (translating to “Cotton Castle” in Turkish) is located in western Turkey, neighboring Hierapolis (the Holy City), an ancient spa city founded by the Romans around 190 BC. This paradise looks more like something more out of a fairy tale than reality as the mineral-rich thermal waters flow down the hillside, creating white terraces of carbonate rock and pools of blue.
The thermal pools of crystal-clear water have been attracting thousands to the area since ancient times, acting as a spa resort for notable historical figures such as Cleopatra. Local mythical legends say that the velvet-white rock formations are solidified cotton left out by giants to dry since it is the area’s main crop. In actuality, the snow-white limestone of the landscape was shaped over millennia by the waters running into the pools below.
Pamukkale is not to be passed up for nature lovers and history buffs alike, as the place is as magical as it is culturally relevant. In Hierapolis, there are several well-preserved Roman ruins along with a museum to explore to learn more about the region’s rich historical roots, especially during the Classical Era. The ruins include a theatre, a necropolis with sarcophagi that spread for nearly 2 km, plus the famed Antique Pool.
Sadly, in the mid-20the century, much of the ruins were severely ruined due to the overdevelopment of touristic real estate. An approach road was also built over the terraces and for a time motorbikes were allowed to ride up and down the slopes until 1988. Thankfully, the tourist-chain hotels were demolished and the road replaced by artificial pools but, to better preserve the area, some of the travertine terraces are off-limits to tourists. You can still walk around some areas and snap some mesmerizing pics though!
The site is open the longest in summer from 6:30 AM to 9 PM (6h30-21h) although the site is open year-round. The best time of the year to visit Pamukkale is spring, however, as the weather is quite temperate and it’s outside of the high season when droves of tourists typically descend. Autumn is also a great option but winter might be too cold to enjoy the waters and there is occasional snowfall. The price of admission for Pamukkale and Hierapolis is 60 TYL but you can opt to get an All Turkish Museum Pass to skip the lines.
PRO TIP: You can spend the entire day exploring both Pamukkale and Hierapolis with the same entrance ticket. While most tourists visit the site on a day trip from Denali, I would recommend staying in Pamukkale to make the most of your time in the area before the hoards of tour buses pull in around the early afternoon.
28. Visit a Cistern (bar)
Another famous fixture of Istanbul is the system of copious cisterns throughout the city. Around since the Byzantine Empire ruled the land, cisterns were large subterranean spaces constructed under important buildings to collect water. There are hundreds scattered below the city but only two are open to the public.
The most famous of these is the Basilica Cistern (Yerebatan Sarnici), just around the corner from the Hagia Sophia. The cistern was constructed during the reign of Emperor Justinian I in 532 to gather water for the Great Palace. The massive underground water container derives its name from the Stoa Basilica, a public square located on the First Hill of Constantinople, which it was built underneath.
The cistern was eventually lost to time until 1545 when it was rediscovered by the Dutchman Petrus Gyllius, which catapulted it back into fame. The Basilica Cistern was cleaned and restored by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality in 1987 and then opened to the public. The cistern measures 143 meters long and 65 meters wide with 336 marble columns supporting its roof in 12 rows of 28 columns spaced 9 meters apart. In theory, the cistern can hold up to 100,000 tons of water yet you typically won’t see more than a few feet at a time even though 50,000 tons of mud were removed from the cistern during its restoration.
PRO TIP: The Basilica Cistern is still closed for renovations at the time of this writing as it had experienced some internal damage from the vibrations of the public transport systems above. Instead, if you really want to see a cistern, plan to grab a drink at Sarniç Fine Dining Restaurant, a high-class venue housed right in a former cistern. The restaurant has some classy decor and a detailed menu with a wide range of local and international dishes as well as drinks. How’s that for ambiance?
29. Visit the Prince Islands
The Prince Islands are an archipelago of nine islands to Istanbul’s southeast in the Sea of Marmara. The four biggest islands, Büyükada (Big Island), Heybeliada (Saddlebag Island), Burgazada (Fortress Island), and Kinaliada (Henna Island) are the most popular to visit while the smallest islands, Sedef Adasi (Mother-of-Pearl Island), Yassiada (Flat Island), Sivriada (Sharp Island), Kaşik Adasi (Spoon Island) and Tavşan Adasi (Rabbit Island) are also worth a look.
Each island has its distinct charm. The biggest, Büyükada, has a lively bazaar, a national park, several beaches, and many cultural sites like the Museum of the Princes’ Islands, Prinkipo Greek Orthodox Orphanage, and Trotsky House. The second-largest, Heybeliada also has a national park plus several heritage museums, while the third-largest, Burgazada has plenty of beaches for everyone.
These nine islands are mostly car-free so expect to get around by horse-drawn carriages or hike around any of the copious national parks located on the largest islands. You can also learn more about the history and local importance of the islands at their museums or just enjoy island-hopping. Any excuse to spend the day on the water!
Two main ferries head to the Princes’ Islands, the fast ferries (AKA sea buses) operated by IDO and the regular ferries managed by Şehir Hatlari. Both of these ferry operators are based out of Kabataş, near Taksim, but each has its pros and cons.
While the sea buses are certainly the quickest option, they tend to run at irregular times since they focus more on transporting commuters to work and back. The journey takes 55 minutes if the sea bus stops at every island and costs 10 TL (7.80 TL with the Istanbulkart).
On the other hand, the regular ferries are not only cheaper (5 TL, or 3.85 TL with Istanbulkart) but they also tend to run more frequently, making for a more reliable option. However, the journey takes around 100 minutes, nearly double of its competitor. Depending on how much time you have in Istanbul, choose the best ferry operator for your travel itinerary. Just keep in mind that the ferry timetables change according to the season so double-check the departure times for the sea buses and regular ferries in advance.
PRO TIP: Get going early as there is much to see on the islands and only so long that the ferries there run. It’s best to set off as early as possible in the morning by catching one of the first ferries since leaving in the afternoon won’t allow you much time to get back from the isles. Although there are several islands with hotels, you probably don’t want to get stuck on one overnight from missing the last ferry back around sunset.
30. Book a flight or tour to Ephesus
The highlight of my first trip to Turkey, this archaeological gem is not to be missed for those who love history, architecture, and UNESCO World Heritage sites as much as I do! Founded by Attic and Ionian Greek princes in the 10th century BC, thousands of years before Greece was even a country, Ephesus was once a sprawling seaport metropolis famed for its trading power and wealth.
This factor placed a target on the region’s back and it was eventually conquered by the Romans in 129 BC. Ephesus made such an impact on the Ancient World that it’s directly referenced to in the Bible as many Councils of Ephesus, gatherings of Christian elites and influencers, were hosted there (Constantine did finance the creation of the Holy Book, after all).
The ancient ruins are located just 3 km southwest of Selçuk near the Aegean Sea but there are no direct flights since the closest airport is in Izmir. Still, this amazing site can be reached for under 3€ minus flights!
If already in Turkey, fly into Izmir and then transfer via the metro located outside just across from the arrivals terminal. You'll have to buy an Izmirkart (exactly like the Istanbulkart but for this part of the country) and then board the metro heading south toward Topiköy Station. Exit the train and wait on the open-air platform for the train to Selçuk to roll by.
Fair warning, the train only operates about every hour between 9 AM to 6 PM so do not attempt to make the connection outside of these hours. Below you´ll find the most recent timetable for the trains but make sure to check well in advance. The entire journey (including the Izmirkart) comes out to less than the cost of a decent slice of pizza, and Selçuk is small enough to get around on foot so you should be able to walk to your accommodation within minutes.
Although the self-guided journey might seem like a hassle, pick-up tours from Izmir’s airport or Basmane Train Station can be quite expensive for their amenities (200€+ for a group day-tour). Instead, I highly suggest getting to Selçuk yourself and hiring a local guide to meet you at Ephesus as I did (and got a solo 4-hour tour for 25€ with this incredible guide).
To get from Selçuk to Ephesus, you can take the scenic 30-minute walk there or hire a taxi whose fare should not be more than 3€ for a 5- minute journey. The historical site is open from 8 AM to 6:30 PM (8h-18h30) and general admission tickets start at 100 TL, though you can spend more on add-ons (you definitely should!). There are plenty of things to see and do while visiting the area that you should check off your bucket list:
In Ephesus:
Library of Celsius (as pictured)
The Grand Theatre (which once held up to 25,000 spectators)
Terraced Houses (add-on)
Basilica of St. John
Temple of Hadrian
Near or around Ephesus:
Church of St. Mary (add-on)
Isa Bey Mosque
There are quite a few charming accommodation options in the area but I would have to recommend Eva Eco Lodge. The owner, Freedom, and his wife were the most gracious hosts, served a tasty and generous complimentary breakfast daily, and upgraded me for free to a larger suite. How’s that for Turkish hospitality?
PRO TIP: While in Selçuk, make sure to pay a visit to what remains of the Temple of Artemis, one of the only Wonders of the Ancient World left standing (or a pillar and a half, at least). Once renowned for its scale and beauty, the former temple lies halfway between Selçuk and Ephesus on your way there. Make a pit stop to marvel at what must have stood there over 5000 years ago and then continue on to Ephesus. Just make sure to get to both early to beat the buses full of tourists that arrive around midday.
Fun Fact: When Cleopatra was said to have visited Ephesus in tow with her beau, Marc Anthony, the people welcomed her warmly by showering her with flowers and praise, like the queen she was. Follow her footsteps and you’ll quickly see why the Egyptian Queen held a special in her heart for Ephesus until her dying breath.
BONUS ACTIVITY: Visit Ankara
Last but surely not least on the list is Ankara, Turkey’s cosmopolitan capital situated in the country’s central Anatolia region. If you have spent enough time exploring Istanbul, Ankara should also be checked off your bucket list. Like Istanbul, Ankara features several cultural and historical landmarks as well as enough restaurants and bars to keep you entertained around the clock (outside of pandemic restrictions, of course).
The metropolis is considered the center for performing arts as well since it’s home to the State Opera and Ballet, the Presidential Symphony Orchestra plus plenty of national theatre companies. There are also several monuments and museums to visit such as the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, Ankara Castle, Kocatepe Mosque, Ankara Atakule, and Etnoğrafya Müzesi Museum, to name a few.
Moreover, Ankara boasts a rich history and diverse population as the second-largest city in Turkey after Istanbul. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1922, Ankara replaced Istanbul (formerly known as Constantinople) as the new Republic’s capital and the city operates an important commercial and industrial hub since it’s situated at the crossroads of many of Turkey’s vast rail and road networks. The region is famous for its wool that comes from Angora rabbits, goats, and cats, hence how it also derived its name.
Really, there’s so much to say about Ankara that just a spot on this list wouldn’t fully do it justice so anything more will have to be an article for another day. Still, while you’re in the area make sure to visit Anitkabir, the immense hilltop mausoleum for Kemal Ataturk, Turkey’s first modern president who was the one who changed Ankara to the capital in 1923. The mausoleum overlooks the cityscape and offers gorgeous views of the surrounding area.
There are several flights daily between Istanbul and Ankara so you shouldn't have any problems finding cheap, last-minute tickets. No matter how long you spend in Ankara, you’re sure to find something you like.
PRO TIP: Ankara has quite a few upmarket neighborhoods that cater to foreigners, including diplomats and other government officials. Some of the best to stay in are Ulus (the commercial hub catering to traveling professionals), Kizilay (a hip neighborhood full of trendy boutiques and hotels), and Çankaya (the political center complete with copious museums and art galleries), so make sure to pick the area that suits your tastes more.
Final Thoughts
Whether it’s your first time in Istanbul or you’re a repeat visitor looking for more to do, there are plenty of activities to keep you busy and moving nearly around the clock. Depending on your travel itinerary, you’ll hopefully be able to knock all of these suggestions off your list but make sure to organize them according to your interests.
For shopaholics and foodies, spending more time around the Spice Bazaar and Grand Bazaar is probably more appealing while history nerds should make sure to visit any of the several archeological sites scattered throughout the country. For those looking for more culture, there are several museums and mosques to wander around such as the massive kitchen at Topkapi Palace. The architecture-obsessed should explore any of the mosques practically on every corner but the best ones are all in Sultanahmet.
Istanbul is a busy city with lots to offer but if you’ve spent enough time in the area, why not venture a bit further? The rest of the country is just appealing. For beach-lovers, the snow-white sands of Antalya are not to be missed but those who prefer the great outdoors would do well to plan a hike around the captivating landscapes of Cappadocia for some unforgettable memories.
So what are you waiting for? You’ve got all you need to make your trip to Istanbul perfect. Görüşürüz!
May you get lost in the wonder,
M
